几种典型近地表有限导体瞬变电磁特征响应研究          下载免费PDF全文

陈曙东  郭树旭  张爽  袁志文  朱俊  张海洋  方东 《地球物理学报》2017,60(1):403-412

近地表有限导体的瞬变电磁响应中包含其形状、结构特征,如何建立这些特征与其响应之间的关系是近地表有限导体探测与识别的核心问题.本文建立了几种典型有限导体响应的三维感应偶极子模型,通过有限导体早期幂函数衰减的幅度与速率、晚期指数衰减的幅度与时间常数共四个模型参数表征有限导体的形状和结构特征,利用最小二乘拟合算法提取这些模型参数,揭示有限导体的形状、结构特征与模型参数之间的内在联系.理论与实验研究结果表明:具有绕球心旋转对称性的球形目标体,其三维感应偶极子响应完全相同,早期响应呈幂函数衰减,晚期呈e指数衰减,信号幅度和时间常数均能很好反映球体半径与材料特性;具有绕轴旋转对称性目标体,其三维感应偶极子响应部分相同,早期幂函数衰减的幅度与速率主要体现目标体的长度特征,晚期e指数衰减的时间常数体现了目标体的外径与壁厚特征;非轴对称性目标体,其三维感应偶极子响应均不相同,各个感应偶极子参数差异较大.本文的研究对提高瞬变电磁系统区分轴对称目标体与金属碎片能力,降低系统探测虚警率具有重要意义.  相似文献   

Levels and distribution of tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate and hexabromocyclododecanes in surface sediments from the Yellow River Delta wetland of China     

Ling Wang  Mengyuan Zhang  Yinghua Lou  Runhui Ke  Minggang Zheng 《Marine pollution bulletin》2017,114(1):577-582

The levels and distribution of tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TBC) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) of surface sediments in the Yellow River Delta wetland had been investigated. The concentrations of TBC and ∑ HBCDs ranged from 0.20 to 29.03 ng·g^? 1 dw and below limits of detections (LODs) to 20.25 ng·g^? 1 dw. The average composition profile of three HBCDs isomers were 10.1%, 6.1% and 83.8% for α-, β- and γ-HBCD, respectively. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated there are similar sources among three isomers and positive correlations between total organic carbon (TOC) content and concentrations of TBC and HBCDs. The mass inventory of TBC,α-, β-, γ-HBCD, ΣHBCDs in surface sediments of Yellow River Delta wetland were estimated about 725.50, 72.76, 44.29, 548.34, 665.39 kg. Therefore, further investigations on potential human health and environmental risk assessments of TBC and HBCDs were needed.  相似文献   

Generation of continuous surface soil moisture dataset using combined optical and thermal infrared images          下载免费PDF全文

Pei Leng  Xiaoning Song  Si‐Bo Duan  Zhao‐Liang Li 《水文研究》2017,31(6):1398-1407

Surface soil moisture (SSM) is a critical variable for understanding water and energy flux between the atmosphere and the Earth's surface. An easy to apply algorithm for deriving SSM time series that primarily uses temporal parameters derived from simulated and in situ datasets has recently been reported. This algorithm must be assessed for different biophysical and atmospheric conditions by using actual geostationary satellite images. In this study, two currently available coarse‐scale SSM datasets (microwave and reanalysis product) and aggregated in situ SSM measurements were implemented to calibrate the time‐invariable coefficients of the SSM retrieval algorithm for conditions in which conventional observations are rare. These coefficients were subsequently used to obtain SSM time series directly from Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) images over the study area of a well‐organized soil moisture network named REMEDHUS in Spain. The results show a high degree of consistency between the estimated and actual SSM time series values when using the three SSM dataset‐calibrated time‐invariable coefficients to retrieve SSM, with coefficients of determination (R²) varying from 0.304 to 0.534 and root mean square errors ranging from 0.020 m³/m³ to 0.029 m³/m³. Further evaluation with different land use types results in acceptable debiased root mean square errors between 0.021 m³/m³ and 0.048 m³/m³ when comparing the estimated MSG pixel‐scale SSM with in situ measurements. These results indicate that the investigated method is practical for deriving time‐invariable coefficients when using publicly accessed coarse‐scale SSM datasets, which is beneficial for generating continuous SSM dataset at the MSG pixel scale.  相似文献   

Estimation of instantaneous peak flow from maximum mean daily flow by regionalization of catchment model parameters          下载免费PDF全文

Jie Ding  Uwe Haberlandt 《水文研究》2017,31(3):612-626

  相似文献   

衰减夹层GPR模拟的时频域全局反射误差   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

张彬  戴前伟  尹小波  冯德山 《地球物理学报》2017,60(3):1168-1178

全局反射误差分析是深入研究探地雷达(GPR)吸收边界条件吸收效率的有力工具.基于常规完全匹配层(PML)的标准交错网格有限差分算法必须满足严格的CFL条件限制,即在单位时间步长内,不容许电磁波传播的距离超过单元网格尺寸.为了提高主区域所有网格节点的计算效率,并有效地吸收传播后期出现的低频隐失波,提出基于非分裂递归卷积完全匹配层(UCPML)的旋转交错网格(RSG)GPR正演算法.该算法采用不同的网格交错策略,并在边界条件中引入了吸收低频隐失波的自由可变因子,使得该算法允许选取较大的时间步长,提高了计算效率,并且实现了对低频隐失波的高效吸收.本文首先给出了RSG差分格式,推导了基于UCPML的RSG差分更新方程,探讨了数值色散的稳定性条件,然后以绕射现象严重的衰减夹层数值模拟为例,分别从波场快照、单道波记录、时间域反射误差(TDRE)、频率域反射误差(FDRE)四个方面分析了UCPML与常规PML的全局反射误差,说明了基于UCPML和RSG的GPR正演算法能更有效地吸收低频隐失波.  相似文献   

太阳活动周磁暴与亚洲M_S 7.0以上地震活动关系     

张秀玲  柳正 《地震地磁观测与研究》2017,38(5):57-61

将1996—2015年太阳黑子数、强磁暴和M_S≥7.0亚洲浅源地震,按Dst指数大小对磁暴进行分类和统计,按震级大小对地震进行分类统计,结果发现,在1996—2015年太阳活动周下降年易发生大磁暴,且M_S≥7.0地震年发生率明显高于太阳活动周上升年、极大年和极小年。  相似文献   

Investigation of trace metals distribution in water,sediments and wetland plants of K(i)z(i)l(i)rmak Delta,Turkey     

Mehmet Soner Engin  Ahmet Uyanik  Seydahmet Cay 《国际泥沙研究》2017,32(1)

In this study,accumulation and distribution of Pb,Cu,Zn,Co,Ni,Mn and Fe in water,bottom sediments and four plant species (Myriophyllum verticillatum,Hydrocharis morsus-ranae,Nymphaea alba and Typha latifolia) were investigated in (C)ernek Lake of Kizihrmak Delta.The Kizdirmak Delta is one of the largest natural wetlands of Turkey and it is protected by the Ramsar convention since 1993.Selected physico-chemical parameters such as pH,conductivity and dissolved oxygen and also trace metal concentrations were monitored in water.All the parameters obtained were found higher than that of the national standards for the protected lakes and reserves.The accumulated amounts of various trace metals in bottom sediments and wetland plants were found in the following order of Fe ＞ Mn ＞ Zn ＞ Ni ＞ Co ＞ Cu ＞ Pb and Fe ＞ Mn ＞ Zn ＞ Ni ＞ Co respectively.The historical trace metal intake of Myriophyllum verticillatum,Hydrocharis morsus-ranae,Typha latifolia and Nymphaea alba were obtained higher than that of the toxic metal levels and these plants may be accepted as accumulators for the detected trace metals and also bioindicators in the historically polluted natural areas.  相似文献   

Snow model sensitivity analysis to understand spatial and temporal snow dynamics in a high‐elevation catchment          下载免费PDF全文

Michael Engel  Claudia Notarnicola  Stefano Endrizzi  Giacomo Bertoldi 《水文研究》2017,31(23):4151-4168

In this paper, we addressed a sensitivity analysis of the snow module of the GEOtop2.0 model at point and catchment scale in a small high‐elevation catchment in the Eastern Italian Alps (catchment size: 61 km²). Simulated snow depth and snow water equivalent at the point scale were compared with measured data at four locations from 2009 to 2013. At the catchment scale, simulated snow‐covered area (SCA) was compared with binary snow cover maps derived from moderate‐resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat satellite imagery. Sensitivity analyses were used to assess the effect of different model parameterizations on model performance at both scales and the effect of different thresholds of simulated snow depth on the agreement with MODIS data. Our results at point scale indicated that modifying only the “snow correction factor” resulted in substantial improvements of the snow model and effectively compensated inaccurate winter precipitation by enhancing snow accumulation. SCA inaccuracies at catchment scale during accumulation and melt period were affected little by different snow depth thresholds when using calibrated winter precipitation from point scale. However, inaccuracies were strongly controlled by topographic characteristics and model parameterizations driving snow albedo (“snow ageing coefficient” and “extinction of snow albedo”) during accumulation and melt period. Although highest accuracies (overall accuracy = 1 in 86% of the catchment area) were observed during winter, lower accuracies (overall accuracy < 0.7) occurred during the early accumulation and melt period (in 29% and 23%, respectively), mostly present in areas with grassland and forest, slopes of 20–40°, areas exposed NW or areas with a topographic roughness index of ?0.25 to 0 m. These findings may give recommendations for defining more effective model parameterization strategies and guide future work, in which simulated and MODIS SCA may be combined to generate improved products for SCA monitoring in Alpine catchments.  相似文献   

水平层状非均质TI地层中仪器偏心情况下三维感应测井响应高效数值模拟与响应特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

林蔺  杨守文  白彦  陈涛  汪宏年 《地球物理学报》2017,60(5):2000-2010

本文针对中国石油集团测井有限公司(CPL)三维阵列感应测井仪器(Three Dimensional Induction Tool,TDIT)的真实结构与参数,利用2.5维数值模式匹配技术研究建立水平层状非均质TI地层中仪器偏心情况下三维感应测井响应的高效数值模拟算法.首先,利用2.5维数值模式匹配技术给出水平层状非均质TI模型中偏心磁流源并矢Green函数的半解析解.在此基础上,结合三维阵列感应测井仪器参数以及测量过程中出现的仪器偏心与旋转等实际情况,通过叠加原理推导出该仪器响应的有效计算公式.最后,通过数值模拟结果分析考察仪器偏心、仪器自旋角等参数对测井响应的影响以及变化特征,为多分量感应资料处理与解释提供理论基础.  相似文献   

场地效应研究的传递台站线性反演法——以芦山地震为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李红玉  于湘伟  章文波 《地球物理学报》2017,60(1):198-211

采用线性反演法研究了地震动的场地效应,并针对线性反演法的局限性,提出了"传递台站"的方法来扩展其应用.通过传递台站,地震事件不再局限于必须被参考台记录到,台站也不再局限于须与参考台站同时获取到地震记录,改进后可大大增加数据样本,使得结果更趋稳定.同时,对于原来难以参与分析的台站,也可得到其场地反应.研究中,还采用了基于遗传算法的非参考台方法,进一步分析了场地反应和验证所提方法的合理性.将所提方法应用于2013年芦山7.0级地震周边区域,分析了这一地区的强震台站的场地反应和地震波衰减因子Q_s值.研究结果显示,当采用一个和二个传递台站进行分析时,所能利用的地震事件和所能求解场地反应的台站数目逐步增加,随着数据样本的增加,分析结果趋于稳定.研究区域的Q_s值拟合结果为Q_s(f)=334.16f~(0.73).遗传算法结果表明,线性反演法中所选取的参考台站有其自身的场地反应.当利用遗传算法获得的参考场的场地反应去校正线性反演法的结果时,对于多数场地,两者的结果符合得很好,说明了遗传算法的结果可以合理地认为是场地较为真实的反应.  相似文献